This is due to an increased amount of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. A supportive bra should be worn. The uterus is growing and begins to press on your bladder. This causes you to need to urinate more often. Partly due to surges in hormones, you may experience mood swings similar to premenstrual syndrome, a condition experienced by some women that is characterized by mood swings, irritability and other physical symptoms that happen shortly before each menstrual period.
However, morning sickness does not necessarily happen just in the morning and rarely interferes with proper nutrition for the mother and her fetus. The muscular contractions in the intestines, which help to move food through the digestive tract, are slowed due to high levels of progesterone. This may, in turn, cause heartburn, indigestion, constipation and gas. Clothes may feel tighter around the breasts and waist, as the size of the stomach begins to increase to accommodate the growing fetus.
Cardiac volume increases by about 40 to 50 percent from the beginning to the end of the pregnancy. This causes an increased cardiac output. An increased cardiac output may cause an increased pulse rate during pregnancy.
The increase in blood volume is needed for extra blood flow to the uterus. The most dramatic changes and development happen during the first trimester. During the first eight weeks, a fetus is called an embryo. The embryo develops rapidly and by the end of the first trimester, it becomes a fetus that is fully formed, weighing approximately 0. The chart below provides benchmarks for most normal pregnancies. However, each fetus develops differently.
The fetus is most vulnerable during the first 12 weeks. During this period of time, all of the major organs and body systems are forming and can be damaged if the fetus is exposed to drugs, infectious agents, radiation, certain medications, tobacco and toxic substances. Even though the organs and body systems are fully formed by the end of 12 weeks, the fetus cannot survive independently. Health Home Wellness and Prevention. Your First Prenatal Visit Your first prenatal visit is the most thorough.
Your first prenatal visit may include: Personal medical history. This exam may be done for one or all of the following reasons: To note the size and position of the uterus To determine the age of the fetus To check the pelvic bone size and structure To perform a Pap test also called Pap smear to find the presence of abnormal cells Lab tests , including the following: Urine tests.
These are done to screen for bacteria, glucose and protein. Blood tests. These are done to determine your blood type. Try these pregnancy-friendly workouts. Have sex, if you feel like it. Start thinking about baby names. Plan to announce your pregnancy. Most women wait until the end of the first trimester to do so, when the risk of miscarriage is lower. Here's what to steer clear of during the first trimester. The litter box. Cat feces can harbor a potentially harmful parasite that can cause an infection called toxoplasmosis.
In the early stages of pregnancy, toxoplasmosis can cause more serious health risks to the fetus, including eye, hearing and other problems, while later in pregnancy, the complications can be less serious. Hot tubs and saunas. Thinking of toasting to your good news with a glass of bubbly? Think again. Binge drinking — defined as four or more drinks in one sitting — can cause complications such as fetal alcohol syndrome FAS.
Raw or undercooked foods. The good news if you can call it that : Pregnancy symptoms like nausea and food aversions may dampen your newly-pregnant appetite — so you may not find yourself craving that tuna tartare after all. Cigarettes and marijuana use. Smoking cigarettes can increase the risk of pregnancy complications like low birth weight and early delivery, as might smoking or ingesting marijuana.
What to Expect follows strict reporting guidelines and uses only credible sources, such as peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions and highly respected health organizations. Learn how we keep our content accurate and up-to-date by reading our medical review and editorial policy. The educational health content on What To Expect is reviewed by our medical review board and team of experts to be up-to-date and in line with the latest evidence-based medical information and accepted health guidelines, including the medically reviewed What to Expect books by Heidi Murkoff.
This educational content is not medical or diagnostic advice. Use of this site is subject to our terms of use and privacy policy. Registry Builder New. Your Guide to the First Trimester of Pregnancy. This helps your baby's nervous system to form and offers some protection from conditions such as spina bifida. We can usually get enough vitamin D from sunlight, but between October and March it's best to take a vitamin D supplement every day. Just 10 micrograms is all you need it's the same for grown-ups and kids.
It's worth checking if you're entitled to free vitamins. Do you think you or your partner could have a sexually transmitted infection STI? If so, get it checked out, as this could affect your baby's development. Talk to your midwife or GP, or visit a sexual health clinic. Get moving! It's recommended that pregnant women do minutes of exercise throughout the week. You could start off with just 10 minutes of daily exercise - perhaps take a brisk walk outside. Listen to your body and do what feels right for you.
Don't eat for two! That's a big myth. If you pile on the pounds, you could put you and your baby at risk of health problems such as high blood pressure. Eat healthily, with plenty of fresh fruit and veg, and avoid processed, fatty and salty foods. You may be able to get free milk, fruit and veg through the Healthy Start scheme. If you have a longterm health condition, then let your specialist or GP know that you're pregnant as soon as possible.
Don't stop taking any regular medication without discussing it first with your doctor. How are you today? If you're feeling anxious or low, then talk to your midwife or doctor who can point you in the right direction to get all the support that you need.
You could also discuss your worries with your partner, friends and family. You may be worried about your relationship, or money, or having somewhere permanent to live.
Don't bottle it up — you're important, so ask for help if you need it! Enjoy some 'me' time for your mental health. How about hosting a film night? Enjoy healthy snacks, such as freshly made plain popcorn, or carrots and hummus. Get personalised emails for trusted NHS advice, videos and tips on your pregnancy week by week, birth and parenthood. Back to 1st trimester.
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Show references Bastian LA, et al. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of early pregnancy. Accessed Oct. Smith JA, et al.
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