Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Bilayer lipid membranes BLMs are used as basic frameworks for biosensors and biohybrid devices due to their unique properties, which include ultrathin thickness, ultrahigh resistivity, and self-assembling ability.
However, BLMs can only form and maintain their structure in aqueous environments, which pose significant limitations to their use. By transferring the membrane onto substrates, we were able to produce stable hybrid BLMs under anhydrous conditions. Atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed that the hybrid membranes were composed of single, highly uniform BLMs or stacks of BLMs. Carnie, S. Cevc, G. Chapman, D. C, and Goni, F. Christiansson, A. Corda, D.
Cowley, A. Crowley, J. Cullen, J. C, and Shipley, G. Cullis, P. Aloie, ed. Cunningham, C. C, and Sinthusek, G. Curatolo, W. Daniels, C. C, and Oxender, D. USA 78 Deese, A. Ekwall, P. Enequist, H. Engelman, D. Eriksson, P. Esko, J. Farren, S. Fontell, K. Freundt, E. Barile and S. Razin, eds. Fry, M. Gallay, J. Gaily, H. Gasser, S. USA 79 Ghosh, R. Grinius, L.
Gulik-Krzywicki, T. Gurr, M. Gutman, H. Harlos, K. Hiemenz, P. Hirata, F. Hope, M. Decane and hexadecane exhibit a lower permeability in comparison with squalene. A previous study reported that decane and hexadecane remain in the lipid bilayer after the formation of DIB 21 , When the bilayer contain a solvent such as decane or hexadecane, water molecules will cross the solvent layer in addition to the lipid bilayer, which results in drops in the water permeability.
The interfacial tension of freestanding bilayer is 6. Combining all the results above, we set up stability criteria for SPAN 80 stabilized bilayer formation Fig. Moreover, the regulation of interfacial tension directly affects the three phase contact angle of the lipid bilayer: two lipid monolayers and a bilayer. The importance of the interfacial tension regulation is easily seen in the DMPC bilayer formation.
For DMPC, the interfacial tension of the lipid bilayer is nearly zero. The DMPC monolayer interfacial tension is also low enough, so it appears to form a stable bilayer at first.
The stability of the DMPC bilayer becomes worse if the contact angle is very low. We also should note that previous DIBs use higher concentrations of lipids that might have an appropriate interfacial tension 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , Contact angle is plotted in the right axis in blue circle. The regime of stable and SPAN free bilayer is shown in green.
Surprisingly, SPAN 80 is most likely to be moved out of the bilayer, maximizing the adhesion of the lipid monolayers, and overcoming the entropy of mixing penalty. This removal of SPAN 80 was demonstrated by time-dependent adhesion and permeability experiments. We also showed that the freestanding bilayer fabricated by our technique is squalene-free as well. We finally suggested stability criteria for the SPAN 80 stabilized freestanding bilayer formation, involving the regulation of interfacial tension by controlling SPAN 80 concentration.
This stabilization strategy can be universally applied to various freestanding bilayer formation techniques such as the conventional DIBs and the traditional black lipid membranes.
Squalene oxide is prepared by direct light exposure on squalene for four days with air contact. We use deionized water for all of our experiments. The imaging experiments were performed by using homebuilt side-view microscope.
The glass capillary of 0. The capillary is filled with water and then mounted to the micro-injector. The droplet is moved toward the planar interface until the droplet gently touches the planar interface. The size of freestanding lipid bilayer can be controlled by adjusting the droplet size. Further details of monolayer interfacial tension measurement, water permeability measurement, and adhesion energy measurement are summarized in the Supplementary Information.
How to cite this article : Jeong, D. Enhanced stability of freestanding lipid bilayer and its stability criteria. McConnell, H. Inside-outside transitions of phospholipids in vesicle membranes.
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