Based on these considerations, increased doubts are currently expressed by several authors concerning whether TL really plays a causal role not only in cellular senescence but also in aging of multicellular organism and, accordingly, whether LTL could serve as reliable biomarker of aging Mather et al. Many research findings do not confirm that TL meets the main criterion established by the American Federation for Aging Research for a biomarker of aging Johnson, Indeed, in many studies, TL was not a better predictor of age-dependent functional declines, morbidity and mortality than chronological age.
Moreover, results obtained in investigating these relationships may be substantially biased due to mortality selection in older populations. Furthermore, LTL is largely dependent on the blood-sample leukocyte composition. In addition, it is still not clear whether LTL is a reliable surrogate marker for TL changes in other body tissues, particularly in those with low proliferative activity e. Nevertheless, despite these doubts, and even although epigenetic age-based approaches becomes increasingly favored in the aging research, TL remains the most widely used molecular biomarker of aging now.
Innovative approaches, such as single-cell TL measuremens Wang et al. An important point in the context discussed is that, since aging is an extremely complex phenomenon involving multiple pathways and operating at various levels of the biological organization of a living system, it can hardly be accurately measured with a single biomarker. Different measurements of biological age apparently measure different aspects of the aging process. Therefore, estimates of biological age obtained with different measuring approaches may not coincide with each other.
Considering this, it is reasonable to assume that TL if included may improve the predictive power of composite measures of biological age, while its use as a single biomarker of aging may be questionable in many cases. Indeed, each individual measure included in the composite score would likely point to different aspects of aging process, such as the developmental program DNA methylation , replicative history of a cellular lineage TL , environmental stress mitochondria , etc.
Notterman and Schneper, Various measures can complement each other thereby improving the predictive power of the composite measure. These limitations need to be considered and challenges need to be addressed before wider implementation of TL as an established biomarker of aging in epidemiological research and clinical trials. AV and DK contributed equally to the drafting, editing, and final composition of the manuscript.
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Not convinced? See how stress affects your body. A study involving thousands of men and women in the United States looked at the connection between exercise and telomere length. Those who participated in high levels of activity had significantly longer telomeres than those who did low or medium levels of activity.
Another study involving a group of young adults found that those who participated in high levels of aerobic fitness and had more muscle endurance had longer telomeres.
Here are 10 aerobic exercises to add to your workout. Telomeres help protect your chromosomes from damage. In the process, your telomeres shorten, which is associated with aging and disease development.
But recent research suggests that there may be ways to hack this process through diet, stress management, and exercise.
While these findings are all very preliminary, we already know that an active lifestyle, along with a nutritious diet and stress management techniques, provide a multitude of other health benefits as well.
Psychoneuroimmunology is a newer field of study that looks at the relationship between your central nervous system and immune system. Fo-ti is an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine as a longevity tonic.
Learn what scientists have discovered about its potential benefits and…. Curly hair is determined by factors you inherit from your biological parents. Here's how it works. Genetic testing can be used to help determine if you have certain genetic variations that place you at an increased risk of cancer.
Learn more. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Medically reviewed by Daniel Murrell, M. Why do telomeres get shorter? Does telomere length matter? Can I lengthen my telomeres?
The bottom line. Read this next. Medically reviewed by Natalie Butler, R. Medically reviewed by Dena Westphalen, Pharm. Some can experience an accelerated telomere shortening process. The incidence of very short telomeres is associated with cell senescence halting of cell division. Most cells in our body somatic cells have a finite number of divisions and therefore a limited capacity to proliferate.
Over time the cell loss, or the accumulation of senescent cells, caused in part by critically short telomeres can result in organ and tissue dysfunction.
Or in other words, biological aging. Thus, shortening telomeres can be considered a biomarker for aging. Short telomeres have been associated with a range of conditions called telomere biology disorders TBDs and likened to accelerated aging, for example dyskeratosis congenita DC , pulmonary fibrosis PF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD. In TBDs the extension during early development , efficient replication or maintenance of telomere length or structure is affected.
This can impact many different systems and organs within the body.
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