It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Evidence Based Medicine This guide is designed to assist health care professionals and students become effective and efficient users of the medical literature. Please take a short survey to help improve this guide and to better serve guide users.
Take the Survey. The P. I I ntervention, Prognostic Factor, or Exposure Which main intervention, prognostic factor, or exposure am I considering? PICO Example. PICO Worksheet. I nterest relates to a defined event, activity, experience or process Co ntext is the setting or distinct characteristics Here is an example of a clinical question that outlines the PICo components: See the completed example worksheet below.
PICo Example. PICo Worksheet. SPIDER can be used for both qualitative and quantitative studies: S PI D E R Sample Phenomenon of Interest Design Evaluation Research Type S ample size may very in qualitative and quantitative studies P henomena of I nterest include behaviours, experiences and interventions D esign influences the strength of the study analysis and findings E valuation outcomes may include more subjective outcomes - such as views, attitudes, etc.
R esearch types include qualitative, quantitative or mixed method studies Within social sciences research, SPICE may be more appropriate for formulating research questions: S P I C E Setting Perspective Intervention Comparison Evaluation S etting is the context for the question - where P erspective is the users, potential users, or stakeholders of the service - for whom I ntervention is the action taken for the users, potential users, or stakeholders - what C omparison is the alternative actions or outcomes - what else E valuation is the result or measurement that will determine the success of the intervention - w hat result or how well.
Report a problem. Subjects: Research. Add a public comment to this FAQ Entry. Contact Us. Submit a Question. Powered by Springshare ; All rights reserved. Report a tech support issue. Login to LibApps. Patient, Population, or Problem. Use of ginger. Effective as procholorperazin. Selection of the search terms: identification of terms descriptors related to each component of the PICO strategy. The descriptors are classified as:. Controlled: known as "medical subject headings" or "subject descriptors", which are used for the indexation of articles in the databases.
An example of controlled descriptors for the P component of the PICO strategy: foot ulcer , diabetic foot.
Not controlled: represent the textual words and their synonyms, orthographic variations, acronyms and correlates. An example of not controlled descriptors for the P component of the PICO strategy: diabetic ulcer , diabetic wound. These terms allow for combinations of descriptors that will be used in the search, with AND for a restrictive combination, OR for an additive combination and NOT for an excluding combination. One example of the use of Boolean operators for a combination of descriptors of the P component of the PICO strategy:.
Combination of components of the PICO strategy for the finalization of the search strategy: after the selection of the search terms and use of Booleans operators for each of the four components of the PICO strategy, these must be inter-related in the following final strategy:.
Such final strategy must be inserted in the search box existent in the databases, so that evidence is located by means of a bibliographic search. Nowadays, there exists a large quantity of many times contradictory scientific information. It is also very easy to access studies developed all over the world. Having access to the knowledge produced about a certain subject is essential for the development of good research and adequate clinical action.
The internet and the portals of open-access journals allow for accessibility to knowledge, but this is not enough, because it is necessary to know what to select from this immense source of information and how to do it. The PICO strategy helps in these definitions, because it orients the construction of the research question and of the bibliographic search, and permits clinical and research professional, in case of doubt or questioning, to rapidly and accurately locate the best scientific information available.
Abrir menu Brasil. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. Abrir menu. Number and size of randomized trials reported in general health care journals from to
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